How to write essays in exams
Glenn Gary Glenn Ross Essay Topics
Thursday, September 3, 2020
Why was stable democracy so late in coming to Germany Essay
Why was steady majority rule government so late in coming to Germany - Essay Example Followed by most countries over the world, the idea of a majority rule government has been broadly acknowledged as the type of government that permits political opportunity to the greatest number of individuals in a nation. It is along these lines, the most populist type of government in a great deal of faculties, whatever be its different downsides. The ubiquity of this type of government can be found in the disappointment that individuals from non-law based and tyrant systems express with their legislatures and the upheavals that have occurred in history for the foundation of vote based systems. Such battles have frequently proved to be fruitful with the aftereffect of a more noteworthy opportunity to the majority of a country and the conveyance of intensity into a more extensive pool. Stable majority rules system has been frequently characterized as one that can suffer over a huge timeframe. A few observers put this at a quarter century while others endorse different measures of t ime to qualify a popular government as a steady one. This anyway drives one to the topic of whether one might have the option to call a majority rules system a steady one on the off chance that it meets the state of sturdiness yet is nearer in its sensibilities to a dictator system. ... The expansion in the significance of industry as a methods for delivering riches required the significance to move from land, which was the situation till at that point. The ascent of the bourgeoisie prompted the beginning of numerous insurgencies in various pieces of Europe that took motivation from the French Revolution of 1789 (Hobsbawm, 2008). These transformations quickened the beginning of vote based system in numerous nations, since the vast majority of them depended on belief systems that advanced populism. Following these insurgencies, nobility died in some horrible, nightmarish way in the vast majority of the nations that they happened. This was the start of a procedure of progress that prompted the foundation of vote based system in numerous nations around the globe. Towards the start of this procedure of progress, the bourgeoisie was a progressive power that animated the pace of the change. Be that as it may, when the procedure arrived at its coherent Democracy in Germany /4 determination, a condition of popular government where these white collar classes held the reins of intensity, the progressive enthusiasm of this class of individuals rapidly ceased to exist. This prompted a balance, a state of dependability which helped in the improvement of majority rules system into the prevailing method of government all over Europe. There are numerous conditions that a nation needs to satisfy to qualify itself as a steady vote based system. The holding of free and reasonable races is one of the most significant elements of a vote based system that looks for the improvement of its kin. This technique empowers the individuals of a country to choose its own administration through a framework where they can cast a ballot. All the residents of a country will most likely be unable to cast a ballot as certain vote based systems save this ideal for specific areas of the general public. For an exceptionally prolonged stretch of time since the foundation of majority r ule governments,
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Public Companies Essays - Types Of Business Entity, Legal Entities
Open Companies Essays - Types Of Business Entity, Legal Entities Open Companies Open COMPANIES Open Companies are those which are recorded on the stock trade. People in general may purchase and sell partakes in them. An open organization will have the word 'restricted' after the organization name (normally condensed to Ltd). Qualities The qualities of an open organization are that they are restricted by shares and have constrained risk. 'Constrained by offers' implies that partakes in the organization can be purchased and sold uninhibitedly (shares are included in the stock-trade). While 'restricted risk' imply that in case of organization disappointment for example insolvency, the monetary obligation of the individual investors is confined to the presumptive worth of his/her offers. At the end of the day individual resources can't be contacted. Another quality of an open organization is the Limited or Ltd after the organizations name. It recognizes open and privately owned businesses obviously. Procedure engaged with setting up So as to set up an open Company, at least 5 individuals need to follow the method expressed in the Company Law Review Act 1998. That is, they have to round out structure 201 (allude to Appendix 1) from the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). This structure contains points of interest of the underlying individuals, office holders and office addresses. Previously, organizations needed to have a notice and Articles of Association. Presently, they may require either a solitary arrangement of rules known as a 'constitution' or have no constitution and depend on essential standards of inside administration set out in the law known as 'Replaceable guidelines'. These standards can be supplanted by a constitution whenever, thus it's name. At the point when an organization is enlisted ASIC issues the organization with a remarkable nine-digit number called the Australian Company Number (ACN). After the giving of the ACN number, the organization is formally enlisted as a Public Company. The activity of an open organization has it's focal points and it's impediments because of it's capacity and it's persuasions from it's outer condition. Preferences J The investors have restricted risk J The organization has never-ending progression (if the principle proprietor bites the dust, their offers can be offered to others or his/her assigned progression). J Shares are effortlessly purchased and sold on the stock trade. J Finance can be effortlessly organized. J The administration typically has a huge degree or experience and aptitude in an assortment of fields. J It is a lawful substance. Disservices L Government guidelines impact organization action L There are normally restrains put on the intensity of the governing body. L Companies can be costly to keep up and compose. L the straightforwardness with which offers can be purchased and sold may some of the time be a disservice in such a case that each investor sells their offers, because of a temperamental period in the economy, the estimation of the organization will decrease. Suspension Suspension of an open organization implies that the organization quits exchanging. One explanation an organization may quit exchanging is on the grounds that it can not pay it obligations. It is the exchanged which implies it's advantages are appropriated to it's investors as per the quantity of offers every individual has. Some of the time, when the organization experiences issues paying it's obligations, the courts may select a recipient to choose if the business should keep on exchanging or close it down. The beneficiary is a free supervisor, typically a bookkeeper. Catalog business and bookkeeping By Pat Whoo Copyright 1997
Friday, August 21, 2020
Essay How I Stay Safe With Online Dating Essay Example For Students
Exposition How I Stay Safe With Online Dating Essay Step by step instructions to Stay Safe With Online DatingIn ongoing years, internet dating has gotten mainstream with 1-in-5 Americans matured 25-34 years of age utilizing at least one of the numerous well known dating destinations and applications, for example, match.com, OkCupid, and PlentyOfFish. With the shame of internet dating gone, itââ¬â¢s ended up being an incredible method to date, have a great time, and possibly fall in love.However, online datingââ¬â¢s major drawcard is additionally itââ¬â¢s greatest blemish: you have no clue who the individual youââ¬â¢re conversing with truly is. Sentiment tricks are among the most well-known type of web misrepresentation, representing over $86 million dollars lost by Americans in 2014. Itââ¬â¢s not just web misrepresentation that you have to consider, there is additionally the opportunity of physical mischief. CallerSmart is tied in with shielding you from obscure or undesirable calls and messages. When meeting new singles web based, trading telephone numbers is typically one of the main things you do once you choose to meet face to face. CallerSmart has an enormous database of telephone numbers and publicly supported data which lets you check your potential dateââ¬â¢s number to check whether anybody has remarked on them. Numerous remarks are sure, while others let you know whether the individual is a miscreant, creep, or scammer.Getting Started:Regardless old enough, sex or sexual direction it s imperative to avoid potential risk when setting up your online profile and meeting individuals face to face. When setting up your profile there are a couple of tips to follow: Most dating locales necessitate that you go through an email to sign. Itââ¬â¢s a smart thought to make a different email that you use explicitly for dating. Itââ¬â¢s simple to make a free Gmail account and not exclusively will this assistance keep you sorted out, however it will keep the new contacts that you make while dating se. .blic put and maintain a strategic distance from disconnected zones. On the off chance that you drive donââ¬â¢t let your date walk you to your vehicle and never share a ride until you realize your date better. Continuously tell a companion the subtleties of who, what, when and where.In expansion to these tips, the University of Illinois LGBTQA Resource Office made an extraordinary rundown of things to remember when meeting individuals online.The greater part of the individuals you meet online will be similar people searching for affection and friendship simply like you. In any case, recollect the best thing about web based dating is additionally the most exceedingly terrible thing. You will meet individuals outside of your group of friends who could be misleading you about their personality and expectations. By doing basic things like creation sure to tell a companion where youââ¬â¢re going and who youââ¬â¢ll be with you can ensure that you remain safe while having a great time and meeting new singles in your general vicinity.
Thursday, June 18, 2020
An Ecosystem Essay - 550 Words
An Ecosystem (Essay Sample) Content: EcosystemNameInstitutional AffiliationA trophic level is each separate level within a food web (Gore, p.15). Below is a schematic diagram representing a food web that has six trophic levels. At every trophic level is an energy gain and loss. Directly below all of the consumersà ¢Ã¢â ¬ level is what they feed upon. So for example, the 1st level carnivorous consumers feed upon the herbivorous consumers, similar to how the herbivorous consumers feed upon the primary producers(Gore, p.19).Additionally, as you move upwards, it is noticeable that there are fewer organisms in each subsequent trophic level. Furthermore, when trying to understand the movement of toxins, food webs are also useful. The highest levels of toxins of low biodegradability can bio-accumulate up the trophic levels in a food web affecting the top predators. Evidently, for depicting understanding ecosystem stability and relationships between organisms, food webs are useful(Gore, p.27).In water, fish breathe oxygen using gills. The water goes in the mouth then passes over the gills before exiting the body through a special opening.As the water passes over the gills, they absorb oxygen from the water. Fish have a streamlined body, long and narrow; that reduces the water resistance as they swim. The several fins of a fish are for swimming. Some of the fins are used to steer the body as they swim and others to propel themselves through the water.Fish also contain a system of muscles used for movement. In waves from head to tail, muscle contractions ripple through the body. These contractions enable the tail to whip against the water thus propelling the fish through the water (Micheals, p.7).The lowest level of a water body, including the some sub-surface layers and sediment surface, is the ecological region namely, the benthic zone. Organisms that live in this zone are called benthos and usually, are different from that elsewhere in the water column. Benthos are adapted to live in the substrate.They are often a source of prey for carcarhinidae such as the lemon shark, but they can be considered as dominant creatures in their habitats. According to Micheals, organisms adapted to deep-water pressure are unable to survive in the upper parts of the water body since the pressure difference can be very significant (p.12). The energy source for the benthic ecosystem is often organic matter that drifts down to the depths from...
Monday, May 18, 2020
The Best Type Of Energy - 1400 Words
Around the world, there are hundreds of different methods of how to use alternative energy in order to save the earth from burning fossil fuels. Burning these, causes major air pollution and can be detrimental towards the health of thousands of populations. The best type of energy is photovoltaic energy because it possesses many advantages and it outshines the other alternative sources. In one day, the amount of sunlight shining over the United States is over 2,500 times the entire countryââ¬â¢s daily energy usage combined. Photovoltaic energy is used to power solar panels by having particles of light, photons, free electrons from their atoms, thus generating electricity. Solar panels are composed of photovoltaic cells; these cells turn sunlight into electricity. Each cell is made up of two pieces of semi-conducting material, typically silicon, which is used to establish an electric field. This field occurs when opposite charges are separated and this is done by giving each piece a positive or negative electrical charge. When the photon pushes an electron free, the electron field will thrust the electron out of the junction between the two charged layers of material. This basic physical process, ejecting electrons in response to light, is known as the photoelectric effect. When this happens, the energy from the photon is shifted towards an electron that is in a photovoltaic cell. Metal conductive plates can then use these electrons as usable energy by collecting andShow MoreRelatedSolar Energy Is The Best Type Of Energy1651 Words à |à 7 PagesWhen you close your eyes and think of solar energy, what do you see? Your response is most likely something positive such as an innovative, efficient, and renewable step forward into the future. Solar is also thought of to be the best type of energy because the sun will never go away. Well, solar energy will have to battle it out with natural gas and oil in the near future. ââ¬Å"As the price of oil and natural gas continues to drop, solar energy looks less desirable as other sources become more affordableRead MoreSustainability And Construction Practices : Department Of Civil Engineering1256 Words à |à 6 Pagesof renewable energy 3 Types of renewable energy i. Solar power 3 ii. Wind power 5 iii. Biomass 6 iv. Geothermal energy 7 v. hydropower 8 Conclusion 8 References 9ââ¬Æ' RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ELECTRICITY IN SUSTAINABILITY INTRODUCTION: It is the energy comes from natural resources like sun light, wind, rain water and geothermal heat. As we all know that coal, oil, gas are limited in nature they might run out some day renewable energy is the best way to restoreRead MoreEating Healthy1612 Words à |à 7 Pagesnotice that they have more energy and a more positive attitude overall. About 12.5 million children and teens, and over one-third of adults in the US have an obesity problem. The obesity problem in children and teens has nearly tripled in the last 30 years. Eating healthy foods can benefit a person by giving a person more natural energy, helping one maintain a healthy weight, and helping one live longer. Natural Energy/Healthy Foods A person can get more natural energy from eating healthy foodsRead MoreEnergy Resouce Plan1122 Words à |à 5 PagesEnergy Resource Plan (Conservation) Kasandra Hunter SCI 275 08/29/2010 Cindy Hall Energy Resource Plan (Conservation) You are a board member of your Home Ownerââ¬â¢s Association. At your next meeting, your goal is to educate other homeowners about energy conservation. â⬠¢ Review the following Energy Resource Plan outline: â⬠¢ Introduction: â⬠¢ Provide information about why conserving energy is important. â⬠¢ Renewable versus Nonrenewable â⬠¢ Briefly distinguish between these two typesRead MoreRadiation Therapy : A Type Of Treatment Modality1193 Words à |à 5 PagesRadiation therapy is a type of treatment modality that administers radiation to patients with cancer. This form of treatment has many components that contribute toward ensuring the malignant tissue within the body is being adequately treated. One of the major components in radiation therapy is the use of bolus. Bolus is a material placed on the skin to help bring the radiation dose higher to the skin surface within the patient (Khan 2012). Since there are no research studies in the radiation oncologyRead MoreSolar Energy : Solar Power Systems For Houses And How The Humans Benefited From It983 Words à |à 4 Pagesdiscuss solar energy in three points which are what solar energy is, solar power systems for houses and how the humans benefited from it. Solar energy is the light and heat which are coming from the sun, and a human create them for his benefits since ancient time ago. Also, solar energy is the important kind of green energy. Moreover, humans have used them by using a range of modern technology that is constantly evolving. It includes harnessing solar energy technologies using thermal energy of the sunRead MoreMaterials Engineering Of Photovoltaic Cells1696 Words à |à 7 Pages In todayââ¬â¢s world when we think about energy sources, there are 2 classifications they can be split into: renewable and non-renewable sources of energy. Fossil fuels are the backbone for most of the energy we use today. We need this fuel for almost all of our daily routine, from lighting a fire to running heavy machinery, but with increase in population there has been an increasing demand of such energy. Fuels like these tend to give massive amount of energy but also affect the environment by producingRead MoreGreen Computing Essay1118 Words à |à 5 PagesGreen Computing is basically trying to save energy by reducing electricity and environmental waste. I can apply this to how I use my computing practices by listing ways that I can lessen my power usage at home doing my schooling and for people at work. With this I will acknowledge how often I use a printer to print documents as such. I will also express whether or not these gadgets have power savers or have hibernating mode that it goes in to save energy. Computing equipment draws approximately one-thirdRead MoreRenewable Fuels And The Energy Issue1583 Words à |à 7 PagesInvestigating whether a renewable fuel produces the same level of energy as an equivalent amount of nonrenewable fuel would be beneficial to help save Earthââ¬â¢s natural resources and is a very relevant and important science project. The purpose of this project is to figure out which type of fuels is most efficient. In my science project, I will be burning various types of renewable fuels and non- renewable fuels and comparing the duration that they burn and comparing the temperature that they burnRead MoreDrilling Project Report1110 Words à |à 5 Pagesincluded that demonstrate the materials used, the estimated cost, and the projected outcome of the project. Ultimately, a cost efficient and thoroughly researched project is the best way to approach a new drill site. Research is essential when determining how to approach a new site -- it is important to look into what type of land and soil will be present, the cost of materials, and how a team can avoid a prolonged and troublesome journey. When analyzing the planning required to drilling, important
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
`` Brave New World `` By Aldous Huxley Essay - 968 Words
In the novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley creates a utopia world, where people live in a society with the motto of community, identity, and stability. In this novel, human are created in test-tubes. Taking soma to fix human problems and having multiple sexual relationship with different partners are considered as progress of civilization. From my opinion, throughout this novel, there are various contradictions among the characters. Huxley creates many characters who stuggle from their own values and the World States values. Bernard Marx, one of the central characters who is an Alpha Plus but ashamed of his outlook. From his private thoughts, he has the desire to fight the system and become a popular person. His low self esteem makes him feel that he has the need to yell at the Epsilons to protect his dignity as an Alpha Plus. Even if Marx s inner thoughts shows that he is a rebellious and indignant person, his actions show otherwise. Because of his unsatisfiable sexual desires an d low self-esteem, he criticizes everyone. But the irony is that the ones he criticize are those he most desire to become. He loathes John for his barbaric characteristics. Yet, Marx has to use the Savage to maintain his popularity. Marx is trapped in a world which he tried so hard but failed to fit in. From his imagination, he fought his boss. But in reliality, he begged to not to be send to an island and blamed the fault to John and Watson. He critizes Lenina for taking soma. Yet, heShow MoreRelatedA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley668 Words à |à 3 PagesIn Brave New World, there are similarities that have a deeper meaning that we can understand. There are personal effects in Aldous Huxley life that contribute to what he has written in the book. Aldous Huxley throughout his life have seen, done, and events have happened to him, just like all of us, but he has expressed it in his book. So when Aldous wrote the he had so many ideas. I have read the book; itââ¬â¢s notRead MoreBrave New World by Aldous Huxley811 Words à |à 3 Pages Brave New World is based around characters who gave up the right of freedom for happiness; characters who ignored the truth so that they could live in a utopian civilization. The deceiving happiness was a constant reminder throughout the book. Almost every character in Brave New World did whatever they could to avoid facing the truth about their own situations. In this society, happiness is not compatible with the truth because the World State believes that happiness was at the expense of theRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1525 Words à |à 7 PagesA Brave New Feminist The novel Brave New World written by Aldous Huxley in 1932 is known for its social satire, utopian values, and unusual standpoints on stereotypical gender roles. In this time where futuristic technology has completely taken over, and men and women are given the same opportunities for everything, ââ¬Å"the genders appear equal within the social order; both men and women work at the same jobs, have equal choice in sexual partners, and participate in the same leisure pursuitsâ⬠(MarchRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley664 Words à |à 3 Pagesfor the fact being in the future and in the past time has changed and many differences were made. In his Dystopian Society Huxley portrays masses of niches where the government produces clones for specific reasons. Huxley decides throughout Brave New World that cloning humans is unethical. He then becomes in contact with the societyââ¬â¢s most powerful Alphas and Betas clones. Huxley suggest in BNW that lower class groups in clo ning humans to act like servants to terrorize them into working hard conditionsRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1189 Words à |à 5 Pages In the world of sex, drugs, and baby cloning you are going to be in many situations where you feel like the world we live in should be different. In the story Brave New World, they had sex with multiple partners along with a very bad use of drugs. It is weird that Aldous Huxley wrote this book in 1931 about the world he was living in during that time and how it is similar to the world we live in today. Nowadays, drugs are still being used and people are still engaging in sexual encounters withRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley968 Words à |à 4 PagesAldous Huxleyââ¬â¢s utopia in Brave New World foreshadowed and illuminated the complications within modern day society. Upon its release, the narrative became widely banned all over the United States due to the unorthodox thoughts and actions of multiple characters in it. Early readers, as well as modern day audiences, feared and rejected the ideals that Huxley incorporated into his perfect society; however, our society today is heading towards the dark paths the older generations desired to avoid. Read MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley895 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley tells of a society where everyone is the same but, compared to t odayââ¬â¢s society, everything is different. Huxley tells of a world where everything that happens or takes place is because of oneââ¬â¢s own desire and nothing more. The hero in the novel, a ââ¬Å"savageâ⬠named John, is Huxleyââ¬â¢s main focal point. It is through his eyes and mind that the reader sees whatââ¬â¢s going on. Now when I read this novel, I began to think, ââ¬Å"Could this perfect, conformed world actuallyRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1684 Words à |à 7 Pagesimperfect world and is usually only a hopeful dream. These types of worlds can greatly be described in detail through the world of science fiction. Aldous Huxley was an English writer who lived during a time when war and chaos were engulfing the world. His works reflect his view and thoughts on a dystopia, which is a false utopia, and describes what could occur in possible governments of the world. The ability to understand and dive into the thoughts of the author is what make s world literatureRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley614 Words à |à 2 Pagesthem truly happy. What if someone were to tell you that what you thought was true happiness was all an illusion. In a Brave New World by Aldous Huxley people in the world state are conditioned and drugged up by soma to not experience true happiness. In a world that is perfect, human beings do not have to depend on drugs to keep our world in balance. In a Brave New World by Aldous Huxley there is always a perfect drug called soma that keeps everyone happy, which they have based their society on. ThisRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley948 Words à |à 4 PagesWelcome to a world were ââ¬Å"Braveâ⬠is not just a word; It has a true meaning. This is a story were everything as you know it, doesnââ¬â¢t seem to be right and will completely change your way of thinking. When this story was written, life was very harsh for many peopleâ⬠¦.Mostly for the author who wrote ââ¬Å"Brave New Worldâ⬠During this time (1930s) they didnââ¬â¢t have much sexual content Living The Future Of The Past In The Presentâ⬠¦.. In the air; But Aldous made a future full of sex for them and we are the
Discontinuity and Stranded Assets â⬠Free Samples to Samples
Question: Discuss about the Discontinuity and Stranded Assets. Answer: Introduction: In the particular study essay, the discussion is rightly focused on monopoly market structure. By identifying the monopolistic market structure, the study paper evaluates how and why governments of modern economies may want to regulate the price setting of a natural monopoly (Abdin, 2008). The study applies economic principles to the concept of benefits, costs, and structure of monopoly market to support the argument. Precisely, a pure monopolistic firm can be identified as the single supplier in a given market area having no competitors. The concept of natural monopoly needs to be identified so that one can recognise why monopoly market structure takes place. Evidently, due to certain barriers to entry in a specialised industry, only a single firm can meet the requirement. Thus, the company will have the advantage to set up monopoly market structure. Also, high start-up costs of business or patenting of products can create monopoly market (Jamal Sunder, 2014). In the study, the key features of a monopoly market structure have been discussed stating the advantages as well as disadvantages of such market structure. Also, revenue curves for a monopoly firm have been analysed for better understanding. Lastly, providing a case study, the paper discusses how government should regulate price setting of monopoly firm in a given market condition. Monopoly market structure is said to be achieved when a single firm prevailing in an identified industry having no competition. In terms of regulatory view, if a company has got 25 percent of the entire market share, the firm is considered to be a monopoly business (Shaffer, 2012). However, a natural monopoly occurs if an organisation has got natural advantages such as strategic location, plentiful mineral resources, and specialised regulatory requirements etc. For instance, most of the Gulf countries have got access to the abundant natural resource of crude oil. Hence, the countries have a monopoly right in the global crude oil market (Wessels, 2012). The key characteristics of the market structure have been analysed as follows: Lack of substitutes: In such market structure, the single operating firm produces goods that have no close substitutes. In some cases, uniqueness of products offers a monopoly right over a given market (Spulber, 2015). Barriers to entry: In such market structure, the monopolist market player creates significant barriers to entry for new firms trying to enter the market (Shaffer, 2012). Clearly, barriers to entry for newcomers are at extreme level as the industry is entirely controlled by the monopolist business. Market Competition: The monopolist firm has no close competitors due to uniqueness of products developed (Park, 2012). Profitability: In the meanwhile, a monopolist firm can continue to achieve supernormal profit structure in the long-run business although it can be loss making or maximising revenue as well (Liu, 2011). In case abnormal profits can be achieved in the long-term, the monopolist firm will face definite competition from other market players. Thus, abnormal profit can be erased for a monopolist firm. Control over Price: As there is no close substitute of products offered by a monopolist firm, the firm decides the price of offered products (Sadanand, 2008). Since the monopolist firm has the maximum control over pricing of product, it makes the firm a price maker in a given market. In a monopolist business, the total revenue of the firm is determined by multiplying total quantity demanded and price. The total revenue curve of a monopoly business is presented as below: It can be seen from the above diagram that the monopoly business chooses to produce a particular quantity of product at which the total revenue will be highest to maximise its profitability. Hence, the level of quantity produce is determined by the profit maximising factors in place of other market mechanism such as demand and supply of product. On the basis of the above characteristics of the natural monopoly market structure, a diagram has been presented herein below for further understanding: On the basis of the above diagram, it can be seen that monopolistic firms produces at an output level, which is much below than the socially optimal output level. Furthermore, the monopolistic firms charge a high price that is much higher than the marginal costs. Hence, an under allocation of resources can be evident in the monopolistic market structure. The monopoly firms use the strategy of raising its price and restricting output to maximise the profit. By considering the above figure, it can be seen that the firms in natural monopoly market produce at Qm output level, which is much lower than socially optimal output level (Qso) and fair return output level (Qfr) set by the government. Furthermore, the price charged by the firms in natural monopoly setup is Pm, which is also higher than the breakeven price (Pfr) and socially optimal price (Pso). According to the above explanation of the characteristics of the natural monopoly market structure, the government of modern countries have wished to regulate the price setting of monopolies so that interest of the consumers can be protected. In the underlying section, the reasons behind regulating monopolies have been discussed in details: Avoid excess price: Due to absence of government regulations, monopolist firms can set prices above the competitive equilibrium. Evidently, such price setting policies of monopolist business can reduce the consumer welfare and contribute towards allocative inefficiency in a free market (Liu, 2011). Therefore, to prevent excess prices of products, it is important for the government to regulate price setting tactics of monopolies. Protect Quality of service: Precisely, due to lack of close substitutes and competitors, a monopolist firm can produce products that can be inferior in quality. Therefore, government regulations and interventions can ensure that the monopoly business firms can meet the minimum standards to produce goods or services (Acharyya, 2015). Effectively, by doing so, government can preserve consumer interests. Monopsony power: Firm operating in a monopoly market are found to exploit the monopsony purchasing power (Samuelson Nordhaus, 2012). For instance, the supermarkets with monopoly power dominate the market and squeeze the profit margin of the farmers. The farmers have to offer their products at a price decided by the supermarkets (Sadanand, 2008). Hence, it is important for the government to regulate the powers of the monopoly firms to maintain stability in the market and protects the rights of the small sellers. Promote competition: Competition is the best solution for minimising the problems of monopoly market structure (Sadanand, 2008). In some industries, the government can encourage competition in order to minimise the monopoly power of a particular market leader to stabilise price and promote optimal utilisation of resources (Samuelson Nordhaus, 2012). Natural Monopolies: The high economies of scale make some industries natural monopolies, where the most efficient number of firm is only one (Liu, 2011). The firm in a monopoly structure uses its power to produce at a lower output level than the socially optimal level that leads to under utilisation of resources. In other words, the firms in monopoly market do not utilise all its available resources to minimise the supply of products and increase its profit margin (Liu, 2011). Hence, it is important for the government to regulate the monopoly firms to prevent them from misuse their monopoly power. On the basis of the above points, it can be seen that the government needs to control the misuse of monopoly power in order to maintain a equilibrium in the market. For instance, the excessive use of monopoly power can lead to an unstable economic condition in the economy that will exploit the income and savings of the consumers (Simshauser, 2017). Furthermore, the excessive exploitation of the monopoly power also makes it difficult for the small producers and farmers to seek growth in the market. Hence, the government of a nation can make use of different policies and economic reforms to control the abuse of monopoly power of the monopolistic firms. Firstly, the government can make use of the price capping policy to regulate the high price charged by the electricity, gas, water and several other monopoly firms. For instance, the RPI-X regulator can be implemented to limit the increase in the price of the products. According to the RPI-X regulator, the X presents the amount of price cuts the monopoly have to face on the basis of the policy (Shaffer, 2012). If the inflation rate is found to be 3 percent and the X is 1 percent, the monopoly firms will be allowed to increase the price by 3 1 = 2 percent (Simshauser, 2017). This policy acts as a price flooring policy that helps the government to control the excessive use of monopoly price charging of the firms. Secondly, the government can establish a regulation commission to examine the quality of the services and products rendered by the monopoly firms (Parkin, 2014). For example, the Australian government introduced the Office of the National Rail Safety Regulator to maintain the safety records of the Public Transport Commission and ensure that the quality of the service is maintained (Treynor, 2013). Additionally, in the gas and electricity market, the regulators can ensure that the old people are treated properly and monopolistic power does not lead to under supply of gas and electricity during the winters. Thirdly, the government must investigate the mergers that lead to monopoly power of the new firms. For instance, if the merger led to market share of more than 50 percent for a new firm, the government must put a check over such events to maintain market stability in the economy (Treynor, 2013). Furthermore, the government must investigate the abuse of monopoly power such as practiced by several large firms in order to safeguard the rights of the consumers. The State Electricity Commission of New South Wales i.e. Elcom can be identified as a state government monopoly business accountable for electricity production, transmission of electricity, and supply across New South Wales, Australia. On May 1950, the Commission was set up under the Electricity Commission Act 1950 (Roarty, 2017). The state governed Elcom took over four major electricity supply authorities to become monopoly producer and supplier of electricity throughout the target market of New South Wales, Australia. Due to the monopoly business set up, there was no competitor for Elcom and the company set the prices of electricity. To promote competition in the electricity industry, in 1990s, the Government of Australia initiated the deregulation programme of the state owned monopoly business of Elcom (Roarty, 2017). Precisely, the target of the government was to provide electricity at a cheaper price and the consumers could select electricity suppliers according to their prefere nces (Knneke, 2009). The regulation of the government of the monopoly firms helps the consumers to get better products and services at a cheaper price. Furthermore, the regulation of the government enforces the monopoly firms to focus on product innovation and improve their services by making better utilisation of resources (Parkin, 2014). However, the price flooring strategy and breaking up of a monopoly helps the government to improve the economic balance of the industry and enhance equality in the market. The regulation of the government helps the industry or economy by promoting business and providing better opportunities to the start-ups and small scale enterprises to survive and seek success in the market. By considering the above analysis, it can be seen that the monopoly firms are found to misuse their power of price making and produces at a lower output level than the socially optimal output level. Moreover, the monopoly power of the firms leads to fall in the quality of service that has become a major issue in the current business environment. Hence, to enhance the benefits for the consumers and control the misuse of monopoly power, the government needs to regulate the price setting of the natural monopoly. Additionally, the improved regulations of the government will help to maintain equilibrium price in the market and improve the economic balance of the economy. References Abdin, M. (2008). Hidden Monopoly in the Free Market.SSRN Electronic Journal. Acharyya, R. (2015). Monopoly and product quality.Economics Letters,61(2), 187-194. Colander, D. (2013).Economics(2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Jamal, K., Sunder, S. (2014). Monopoly versus Competition in Setting Accounting Standards.Abacus,50(4), 369-385. Knneke, R. (2009). Electricity networks: how natural is the monopoly?.Utilities Policy,8(2), 99-108. Liu, Q. (2011). Committing Not to Serve a Monopoly Market.SSRN Electronic Journal. Park, S. (2012). Supervisory control for dynamic monopoly.IET Control Theory Applications,6(7), 992. Parkin, M. (2014).Economics(3rd ed.). Boston, Mass. [u.a.]: Pearson. Roarty, M. (2017).Electricity Industry Restructuring: The State of Play Parliament of Australia.Aph.gov.au. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/RP9798/98rp14 Sadanand, V. (2008). Endogenously determined price-setting monopoly in an exchange economy.Journal Of Economic Theory,46(1), 172-178. Samuelson, P., Nordhaus, W. (2012).Economics(4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Shaffer, S. (2012). Monopoly rationing revisited.Economics Letters,9(1), 17-21. Simshauser, P. (2017). Monopoly regulation, discontinuity stranded assets.Energy Economics,66, 384-398. Spulber, D. (2015). Products Liability and Monopoly in a Contestable Market.Economica,55(219), 333. Treynor, J. (2013). How to Regulate a Monopoly.Financial Analysts Journal,59(4), 24-25. Wessels, W. (2012).Economics(2nd ed.). Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron's Educational Series.
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